Some
Remarks Regarding the Hyerarchy of Living Systems
Nicolae DONIȚĂ1
1 Prof., PhD, Full
member of Academy of Agricultural and Foresty
Sciences from Romania Gheorghe Ionescu-Sisești ,
Bucharest, Romania
Abstract. The hyerarchy
of living systems comprises three categories of systems with distinct
structures and functions: the individual, the multiindividual and the
multicoenotic ones. Individual systems are: the prokaryotic unicellular
organism, the eukaryotic unicelllar system and the pluricellular one.
Multiindividual systems are the species and the biocenosis. Species, being
differentiated regarding their ecological adapations, can exist only associated
in biocenoses (through their populations), never independently; this is why the
biocenosis is the only natural multiindividual, ecological system, consisting
of other multiindividual systems species. Multicenotic systems are: the
biolandscape, the bioregion, the biozone (biome) and the biosphere. These
systems comprise ensembles of different types of biocenoses and look like
living covers of various sizes.
Key words: hyerarchy of
living systems, organisms, biocenoses, species, living covers.
DOI https://doi.org/10.56082/annalsarscibio.2022.1.19
